Using HLA typing to support patients with cancer.

BACKGROUND The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system plays a crucial role in immune function, and HLA testing is often needed in the support of patients with cancer. METHODS We briefly review the published literature to clarify the nomenclature of the HLA system, currently available methods for HLA testing, and commonly used HLA assays. The uses of HLA testing in pharmacogenomics, disease association, platelet transfusion support, and in the management of both solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation are also reviewed. RESULTS HLA testing is commonly performed for select patient populations, including patients with cancer and in those requiring solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. CONCLUSION Newer molecular typing methods have helped improve patient outcomes following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.